Evian Accords

The agreements signed by France and the Algerian National Liberation Front in March 1962 established a ceasefire and terms for Algerian self-determination, leading to independence.

Algerian War: An armed conflict between France and Algerian independence movements from 1954 to 1962. The accords ended this conflict through a ceasefire and a political path to self-determination.
French Algeria: The period and system of French rule in Algeria, which began with conquest in 1830 and ended in 1962. The accords dismantled the political framework of French rule.
Ahmed Ben Bella: An Algerian nationalist leader who became independent Algeria's first president in 1963. Ben Bella emerged as a leading figure in the post-accord political settlement.
Algeria: A North African country that became independent from France in 1962. The accords created the immediate conditions for Algeria to become an independent state.
Algerian self-determination referendum, 1962: A July 1962 vote in which Algerians overwhelmingly approved independence from France. The accords made a referendum the route by which Algerians would decide their political future.
National Liberation Front (Algeria): The Algerian nationalist organization that led the armed struggle against French rule from 1954. The FLN negotiated and signed the agreements as Algeria's independence movement.
Krim Belkacem: An Algerian revolutionary and FLN leader who headed the delegation that signed the Evian agreements. He signed for the FLN after leading its negotiating delegation.
OAS: A French far-right paramilitary organization that used violence to oppose Algerian independence. The accords intensified OAS resistance, which continued through terror and assassination attempts.
Algerian independence: The end of French rule in Algeria and the establishment of an independent Algerian state in 1962. The agreements set the conditions that brought French rule to an end.
Charles de Gaulle: French military leader and president who directed France's policy toward Algerian self-determination. As French president, de Gaulle authorized the negotiations and accepted their outcome.

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