Exponent

An exponent indicates how many times a base is used as a factor; more generally, it specifies a power, including fractional, negative, and real powers.

Exponentiation: The operation of raising a base to a specified power. It is the operation an exponent specifies.
Base (mathematics): The number or expression that is raised to a power. An exponent is interpreted together with its base.
Scientific notation: A way to write numbers as a coefficient multiplied by a power of ten. Its power of ten records a number’s scale.
Coefficient: A numerical factor multiplying a variable or another expression. A coefficient multiplies a base; an exponent specifies its power.
Power of a power: The identity that raising a power to another power multiplies the exponents. It shows how nested exponents simplify.
Repeated multiplication: Multiplication of the same factor multiple times. Positive integer exponents encode this repeated operation.
Exponential growth: Growth in which a quantity changes at a rate proportional to its current size. Repeated proportional change is represented by powers.
Subscript: A character written below and beside another character, often identifying an indexed item. Subscripts can resemble small exponents but serve different roles.
Negative exponent: An exponent below zero that gives the reciprocal of the corresponding positive power, for a nonzero base. It extends exponentiation to reciprocal powers.
Multiplication: An arithmetic operation that combines quantities into a product. The elementary meaning of whole-number powers rests on multiplication.

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