Extratropical cyclone

An extratropical cyclone is a large low-pressure weather system that forms outside the tropics, typically driven by temperature contrasts between air masses.

Baroclinic instability: A fluid instability that converts potential energy stored in horizontal temperature gradients into growing waves and eddies. It supplies the main growth mechanism by turning atmospheric temperature contrasts into a developing storm.
Atmospheric pressure: The force per unit area exerted by the weight of air above a location. A cyclone is identified by a region of comparatively low atmospheric pressure.
1993 Storm of the Century: A powerful March 1993 cyclone that brought heavy snow, strong winds, and coastal impacts across eastern North America. Its broad reach illustrates how one cyclone can affect regions from the Gulf Coast to the Northeast.
Tropical cyclone: A warm-core rotating storm that develops over tropical or subtropical waters and draws energy from ocean heat and moisture. Unlike an extratropical cyclone, it is not primarily powered by horizontal temperature contrasts.
Blizzard: A severe snowstorm defined by strong sustained winds, blowing snow, and prolonged low visibility. Extratropical cyclones can produce blizzards when cold air and heavy snow coincide with strong winds.
Cyclogenesis: The formation or intensification of a cyclone, especially a low-pressure system in the atmosphere. It describes the storm's development from an initial disturbance into a closed low.
Low-pressure area: A region where atmospheric pressure is lower than in surrounding areas. The pressure minimum anchors the system's circulation and weather pattern.
Great Storm of 1987: A severe October 1987 windstorm that struck southern England and northern France. Its damaging winds demonstrate the risks of rapidly deepening European cyclones.
Subtropical cyclone: A hybrid cyclone with both tropical and extratropical characteristics, typically featuring a broad wind field and mixed thermal structure. It occupies an intermediate category between tropical and extratropical storm structures.
Storm surge: An abnormal rise in coastal water level driven mainly by a storm's winds and low pressure. Strong winds and falling pressure can push seawater onto coasts during a cyclone.

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