Eye tracking

Eye tracking measures eye movements or gaze direction, often with cameras or sensors, to estimate where a person is looking and how their eyes move over time.

Pupil-center corneal-reflection method: An eye-tracking method that estimates gaze from the pupil center and a corneal reflection of infrared light. This widely used camera method turns measured pupil and reflection positions into gaze estimates.
Eye-tracking in usability: The use of gaze measurements to study how people inspect and interact with interfaces. Interface studies use fixations and gaze paths to locate attention and navigation difficulties.
Visual attention: The selection of some visual information for prioritized processing over other available information. Looking direction is related to attention, but attention can shift without an eye movement.
Head tracking: The measurement of head position or movement using cameras, sensors, or other tracking systems. Head tracking measures orientation and position, not the eyes' direction within the head.
Electrooculography: A technique that measures eye movements through electrical potential differences between the cornea and retina. It detects eye motion without relying on a camera image of the pupil.
Eye-tracking in psychology: The use of eye movements to investigate attention, perception, memory, and cognition. Researchers use gaze behavior as evidence about visual and cognitive processes.
Fovea: The central retinal region that provides the sharpest vision. Eye movements position the fovea on details that require high visual acuity.
Pupillometry: The measurement of pupil diameter, often to study changes associated with light or cognitive activity. Pupil size can be recorded by eye trackers but is distinct from gaze direction.
Saccade: A rapid eye movement that shifts the fovea from one point of interest to another. Saccades are discrete gaze shifts that video-based trackers can detect and quantify.
Assistive technology: Devices and systems that help people perform tasks affected by disability or impairment. Gaze can serve as an input channel when conventional controls are inaccessible.

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