F. H. Bradley

Francis Herbert Bradley (1846–1924) was a British idealist philosopher who argued that reality is a unified whole and that relations cannot be ultimately real.

British idealism: A philosophical movement that treats reality as fundamentally mental or spiritual and shaped British philosophy in the late nineteenth century. Bradley became the movement’s leading British representative.
Bradley’s regress argument: An argument that relating distinct terms requires further relations, generating an endless regress. Bradley uses this regress to argue that external relations cannot explain genuine unity.
T. H. Green: A British idealist philosopher who argued that experience and knowledge depend on a unifying self-conscious principle. Green helped establish the idealist tradition in which Bradley worked.
Ethical Studies: Bradley’s 1876 book examining moral responsibility, self-realization, and the nature of ethical life. It presents his distinctive application of idealism to moral philosophy.
The analytic–idealism debate: The late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century dispute between British idealists and philosophers who advanced analytic methods. Bradley’s arguments became a central target in the revolt against British idealism.
Absolute idealism: The view that reality forms a single, all-encompassing spiritual or experiential whole. Bradley’s account of the Absolute gives his idealism its distinctive form.
Bradley’s dilemma: Bradley’s argument that a relation either relates its terms through further relations or fails to connect them. The dilemma sharpens his challenge to the coherence of relational accounts.
Bernard Bosanquet: A British idealist philosopher who developed a systematic account of logic, society, and the state. Bosanquet shared Bradley’s idealist setting while developing a distinct social and political philosophy.
My Station and Its Duties: Bradley’s account of morality as fulfilling the responsibilities attached to one’s social roles. This influential argument shows how he connects ethical development with social membership.
External relations: Relations that hold between entities without being determined by the entities’ intrinsic natures. Bradley’s regress argument directly challenges whether external relations can genuinely connect things.

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