Faisal of Saudi Arabia

Faisal was king of Saudi Arabia from 1964 until his assassination in 1975. His reign brought administrative and economic reforms, and he led Saudi Arabia during the 1973 Arab oil embargo.

1973 oil crisis: A global energy crisis triggered by Arab oil-exporting states’ embargo and production cuts in 1973. Faisal helped lead the embargo that made this crisis a turning point in oil politics.
1973 Arab oil embargo: An oil-export restriction imposed by Arab producers in 1973 against countries supporting Israel during the Yom Kippur War. Faisal backed the embargo as a means of applying diplomatic pressure through oil supplies.
Ibn Saud: The founder and first king of modern Saudi Arabia, who ruled from 1932 to 1953. Faisal was one of Ibn Saud’s sons and held senior political posts under his father.
Khalid of Saudi Arabia: King of Saudi Arabia from 1975 to 1982, succeeding Faisal after his assassination. Khalid inherited the throne when Faisal’s reign ended abruptly.
Saudi Arabia: A country occupying most of the Arabian Peninsula, founded in 1932. Faisal’s rule transformed the institutions and international standing of this state.
Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries: An intergovernmental organization founded in 1968 to promote cooperation among Arab oil-exporting states. Its Arab oil ministers coordinated production restrictions during the embargo.
Saud of Saudi Arabia: King of Saudi Arabia from 1953 to 1964, whose reign ended with his deposition by his half-brother Faisal. The transfer of power from Saud to Faisal followed a struggle over governance and royal authority.
Fahd of Saudi Arabia: King of Saudi Arabia from 1982 to 2005 and a leading prince during Faisal’s reign. Fahd served as interior minister and later became crown prince under Faisal.
Saudi Council of Ministers: Saudi Arabia’s executive body, composed of the king and appointed ministers. Faisal strengthened central administration and used the council to coordinate government.
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries: An intergovernmental organization that coordinates petroleum policies among member countries. Saudi Arabia’s influence within OPEC helped make oil policy a tool of state diplomacy.

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