Fallibilism

Fallibilism is the view that beliefs and claims can be mistaken, so knowledge and justified belief do not require infallible certainty.

Knowledge: Knowledge is factive understanding or successful cognitive contact with truths, analyzed through competing philosophical theories. Fallibilism denies that knowledge must be immune to every possibility of error.
Cartesian Skepticism: Cartesian skepticism uses radical doubt to question whether ordinary beliefs about the world amount to knowledge. Fallibilism resists the inference from possible error to universal ignorance.
Scientific Method: The scientific method is a family of practices for developing and testing explanations through observation and experiment. Its revisable claims embody the idea that accepted knowledge can be corrected.
Charles Sanders Peirce: Charles Sanders Peirce was an American philosopher and scientist who developed pragmatism and a theory of inquiry. He argued that no belief is beyond possible correction and emphasized communal investigation.
Epistemic Humility: Epistemic humility is recognition of the limits and possible errors of one's knowledge and judgment. Fallibilism gives this humility a rationale without requiring distrust of every belief.
Certainty: Certainty is the highest degree of confidence or assurance that a proposition is true. Fallibilists distinguish knowledge from certainty that excludes all possible error.
Pyrrhonism: Pyrrhonism is an ancient skeptical tradition that suspends judgment when arguments appear balanced. Its suspension of belief goes beyond accepting ordinary knowledge as fallible.
Falsifiability: Falsifiability is the property of a claim that could be contradicted by some possible observation. It makes fallibility operational by identifying evidence that could count against a theory.
Karl Popper: Karl Popper was a twentieth-century philosopher of science known for critical rationalism and falsifiability. He treated scientific theories as conjectures exposed to refutation, not final certainties.
Scientific Revision: Scientific revision is the modification or replacement of scientific claims in response to new evidence or criticism. It is a practical consequence of treating established theories as corrigible.

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