Fatimid conquest of Egypt

The 969 campaign led by Jawhar al-Siqilli that captured Egypt from the Ikhshidid dynasty and brought it under Fatimid rule.

Jawhar al-Siqilli: A Fatimid general and administrator who led the conquest of Egypt in 969. He commanded the campaign and negotiated terms for the surrender of Egypt.
Ifriqiya: A historical region of North Africa broadly corresponding to modern Tunisia and adjoining areas. The Fatimids launched the Egyptian campaign from their North African base.
Cairo: The Egyptian capital founded by Jawhar in 969 as a new Fatimid city beside Fustat. Its foundation turned the military victory into a lasting political center.
Pact of Jawhar: An agreement attributed to Jawhar that set out guarantees for Egypt’s population during the Fatimid advance. Its protections helped secure cooperation and reduced resistance to the campaign.
Ikhshidid dynasty: A dynasty that ruled Egypt and parts of Syria from 935 until the Fatimid conquest in 969. Its weakening government was the power Jawhar displaced.
Al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah: The fourth Fatimid caliph, who ruled from 953 to 975 and sent Jawhar to conquer Egypt. He authorized the campaign and directed the Fatimid expansion eastward.
Al-Azhar Mosque: A mosque founded in Cairo under the Fatimids in 970–972 that later became a major center of Islamic learning. Its construction established a prominent religious institution in the new capital.
Fatimid conquest of the Maghreb: The Fatimid expansion that established the dynasty’s rule across parts of North Africa. It supplied the military and political foundation from which the Egyptian expedition was launched.
Abu Ja'far Muslim: A notable from the Arab Muslim community in Egypt who negotiated with Jawhar before the Fatimid arrival. His delegation helped secure assurances that eased the Fatimid entry into Egypt.
Kafur: A former enslaved military commander who ruled the Ikhshidid state as regent from 966 to 968. His death left the Ikhshidid regime politically vulnerable shortly before the invasion.

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