Fauvism

Fauvism was an early 20th-century painting movement marked by vivid, nonnaturalistic color, bold brushwork, and simplified forms. Its artists used color for expressive force rather than faithful description.

Henri Matisse: A French painter and leading Fauvist known for expressive color and simplified forms. His paintings and ideas gave Fauvism its most influential direction.
Salon d’Automne: An annual Paris art exhibition founded in 1903 to showcase modern art. The 1905 exhibition brought Fauvist paintings together before a wide public.
Impressionism: A 19th-century art movement that explored changing light and everyday visual experience through visible brushwork. Fauves intensified color beyond Impressionism’s attention to observed light.
German Expressionism: A German modern art movement that used distortion and color to convey subjective and emotional experience. Fauvism helped make intense, nonnaturalistic color available to European Expressionists.
André Derain: A French painter whose vivid landscapes helped establish Fauvism. His 1905 paintings with Matisse made the movement’s color radicalism unmistakable.
Louis Vauxcelles: A French art critic who coined the name “les Fauves” in a review of the 1905 Salon d’Automne. His mocking label supplied the movement with its lasting name.
Post-Impressionism: A broad grouping of late 19th-century artists who developed distinct responses to Impressionism. Fauvism grew from Post-Impressionist experiments but formed a more concentrated movement.
Die Brücke: A German Expressionist group founded in Dresden in 1905 by artists including Ernst Ludwig Kirchner. Its artists encountered Fauvism as they developed their own forceful use of color.
Maurice de Vlaminck: A French painter associated with Fauvism, known for forceful brushwork and intense color. His early canvases show Fauvism’s energetic, instinctive handling of paint.
Gustave Moreau: A French Symbolist painter and teacher at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris. His teaching encouraged Matisse and other pupils to trust personal color and artistic freedom.

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