Federal Bureau of Investigation

The Federal Bureau of Investigation is a United States Department of Justice agency that investigates federal crimes and gathers intelligence on national security threats.

J. Edgar Hoover: The FBI director from 1924 to 1972, who shaped the bureau’s growth and investigative practices. His long directorship defined the FBI’s institutional power and public image.
Federal jurisdiction: The authority of the United States federal government to act on matters assigned to it by law or the Constitution. It determines which crimes the FBI may investigate.
Bureau of Investigation: The original name of the United States federal investigative agency that became the FBI in 1935. The bureau began in 1908 as a Justice Department investigative force.
Central Intelligence Agency: A United States intelligence agency responsible for collecting foreign intelligence and conducting authorized covert action. Unlike the CIA, the FBI is a domestic law-enforcement agency with arrest powers.
COINTELPRO: An FBI program that used covert operations to disrupt domestic political organizations from 1956 to 1971. It illustrates how domestic intelligence work could become political surveillance and disruption.
Federal Bureau of Investigation field offices: Regional FBI offices that conduct investigations and coordinate with local, state, and federal agencies. They anchor national investigations in local communities.
Theodore Roosevelt: The 26th president of the United States, whose administration expanded federal regulation and law enforcement. His administration’s Justice Department established the Bureau of Investigation in 1908.
United States Marshals Service: A federal law enforcement agency responsible for court security, fugitive apprehension, and prisoner transport. Its court and fugitive duties differ from the FBI’s broad investigative mission.
Unabomber: The name given to Theodore Kaczynski and the FBI investigation into his mail-bombing campaign. The investigation shows how forensic linguistics and public appeals helped identify a serial bomber.
Federal Bureau of Investigation Laboratory: The FBI’s forensic laboratory, which analyzes evidence and supports investigations and law enforcement agencies. Its analyses turn physical evidence into investigative leads and courtroom testimony.

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