Fecal incontinence

Fecal incontinence is the inability to control bowel movements, causing involuntary passage of stool or gas. It ranges from occasional leakage to complete loss of bowel control.

Anal sphincter: A ring of muscle that helps close the anal canal and control passage of stool and gas. Weakness or injury in these muscles can prevent the closure needed to retain stool.
Anorectal manometry: A test that measures pressures and reflexes in the rectum and anal canal. It can reveal impaired sphincter pressures or coordination in people with leakage.
Obstetric anal sphincter injury: A tear involving the anal sphincter during childbirth. Childbirth-related sphincter damage can cause immediate or later loss of bowel control.
Quality of life: A person’s overall assessment of well-being across physical, social, and emotional dimensions. Episodes and fear of leakage can restrict activities and reduce well-being.
Pelvic floor: A group of muscles and connective tissues that support pelvic organs and contribute to continence. Its support and coordination help maintain control as stool reaches the rectum.
Endoanal ultrasound: An ultrasound examination that images the internal and external anal sphincters. It can identify structural sphincter defects that may explain loss of control.
Rectal prolapse: A condition in which the rectum descends and protrudes through the anus. Prolapse can interfere with the structures that retain stool.
Irritant contact dermatitis: Skin inflammation caused by repeated contact with irritating substances such as moisture or stool. Repeated exposure can damage skin around the anus and cause soreness or rash.
Rectal compliance: The ability of the rectum to expand as it fills with stool without a large rise in pressure. Reduced capacity or stretch can make urgency and leakage more likely.
Bowel management: A planned routine using diet, medication, and toileting to regulate bowel movements. Regular, predictable stool passage can reduce episodes of involuntary leakage.

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