Female reproductive system

The organs and tissues that produce ova, enable fertilization, and, in many species, support pregnancy and birth.

Ovary: A reproductive organ that develops and releases ova and produces hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. Ovaries supply the ova and hormones central to this system.
Menstrual cycle: A recurring pattern of hormonal and tissue changes that prepares the ovaries and uterus for possible pregnancy. It coordinates ovarian activity with changes in the uterine lining.
Fertilization: The union of a sperm cell and an ovum to form a zygote. It is the reproductive system’s central contribution to conception.
Male reproductive system: The organs and tissues that produce sperm and contribute to fertilization. It provides the complementary reproductive anatomy involved in human reproduction.
Fallopian tube: A tube connecting an ovary’s vicinity to the uterus, where fertilization commonly occurs. The tubes carry ova toward the uterus and are the usual site of fertilization.
Ovulation: The release of a mature ovum from an ovarian follicle. Ovulation makes an ovum available for fertilization.
Pregnancy: The state in which an embryo or fetus develops in the uterus. The uterus and its supporting tissues sustain gestation.
Intersex: A range of innate variations in sex characteristics that do not fit typical definitions of female or male bodies. Variation in reproductive anatomy cautions against treating sex characteristics as uniform.
Uterus: A hollow muscular organ where an embryo can implant and develop during pregnancy. The uterus supports implantation and fetal development.
Oogenesis: The process by which female germ cells develop into ova. It produces the germ cells released by the ovaries.

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