Feminist movement

The feminist movement is a social and political movement seeking to end gender-based inequality and advance women’s rights and gender equality.

Mary Wollstonecraft: An English writer whose 1792 work argued for women’s equal education and rational independence. Her argument for women’s education became an influential early statement of feminist principles.
Gender inequality: Unequal treatment, opportunities, or outcomes associated with gender. It names the broad condition feminist movements seek to change.
Equal Pay Act of 1963: A United States federal law prohibiting sex-based wage differences for substantially equal work. It exemplifies efforts to use legislation against workplace discrimination.
Liberal feminism: A feminist approach pursuing equality through legal reform, equal opportunity, and institutional change. It prioritizes reforms that open existing institutions to women on equal terms.
Women’s political representation: The presence and participation of women in elected office and other political institutions. Feminist campaigns expanded access to political participation while debates over representation continue.
Seneca Falls Convention: A 1848 women’s rights meeting in New York that issued the Declaration of Sentiments. It marked a landmark in organized women’s rights activism in the United States.
Patriarchy: A social system in which men hold disproportionate authority and power. Feminist analysis often examines how male-dominated institutions reproduce inequality.
Title IX: A 1972 United States federal law prohibiting sex discrimination in federally funded education programs. It transformed a major arena of feminist advocacy: access to education and sport.
Radical feminism: A feminist approach that treats male power and patriarchy as foundational structures of women’s oppression. It locates inequality in deep social relations rather than only unequal laws.
Gender pay gap: The difference between women’s and men’s average earnings, shaped by multiple social and economic factors. It remains a measurable inequality that exposes limits of formal workplace equality.

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