Fermion

A particle or quasiparticle with half-integer spin that obeys Fermi–Dirac statistics. Identical fermions cannot occupy the same quantum state.

Spin-statistics theorem: A theorem connecting a particle’s spin to its quantum statistics in relativistic quantum field theory. It explains why half-integer-spin particles obey fermionic statistics.
Spin: An intrinsic form of angular momentum carried by quantum particles. Fermions are defined by their half-integer spin.
Electron degeneracy pressure: Pressure arising from the exclusion-driven resistance of electrons to being confined into occupied states. It supports white dwarfs against gravitational collapse.
Boson: A particle or quasiparticle with integer spin that obeys Bose–Einstein statistics. Bosons can share a quantum state, unlike identical fermions.
Pauli exclusion principle: The rule that identical fermions cannot occupy the same quantum state. It is the characteristic restriction on fermion state occupancy.
Quantum statistics: The rules governing how indistinguishable quantum particles are distributed among states. Fermions are one of the two fundamental classes distinguished by quantum statistics.
Neutron degeneracy pressure: Pressure arising from the exclusion-driven resistance of neutrons to occupying the same states. It helps support neutron stars against gravity.
Bose–Einstein statistics: The quantum statistical distribution governing indistinguishable bosons in thermal equilibrium. It describes the counterpart to Fermi–Dirac statistics.
Fermi–Dirac statistics: The quantum statistical distribution governing indistinguishable fermions in thermal equilibrium. It describes how fermions fill available energy states.
Elementary particle: A particle with no known smaller constituents. Many fundamental fermions are elementary particles.

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