Fertility

Fertility is the biological capacity to conceive and produce offspring. It depends on reproductive function in individuals and, at the population level, on births over time.

Ovulation: Ovulation is the release of an egg from an ovarian follicle. An egg must be released for natural conception to occur.
Fecundity: Fecundity is the physiological potential to reproduce, distinct from realized births. It names reproductive potential, while fertility can describe realized childbearing.
Fertility testing: Fertility testing uses clinical assessments to investigate reproductive function and factors affecting conception. Tests can identify conditions that limit the capacity to conceive.
Age and female fertility: Age and female fertility describes age-related changes in ovarian reserve, egg quality, and chances of conception. Ovarian aging is a major influence on reproductive capacity over time.
Spermatogenesis: Spermatogenesis is the production and maturation of sperm cells in the testes. Sperm production supplies the male gametes needed for fertilization.
Infertility: Infertility is a disease or condition involving failure to achieve pregnancy after a defined period of regular unprotected intercourse. It describes impaired reproductive capacity, not simply the opposite of every use of fertility.
Assisted reproductive technology: Assisted reproductive technology comprises medical procedures that handle eggs or embryos to establish pregnancy. These procedures can support conception when unassisted reproduction is difficult.
Male fertility: Male fertility is the capacity to produce sperm and contribute to conception and offspring. It isolates the reproductive capacity associated with male physiology.
Fertilization: Fertilization is the fusion of a sperm cell and an egg to form a zygote. It is the immediate biological result of successful conception.
Subfertility: Subfertility is reduced reproductive capacity associated with a longer time to conception. It distinguishes diminished chances from complete inability to conceive.

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