Fertilization in plants

Fertilization in plants is the fusion of a sperm cell with an egg cell, producing a zygote that can develop into an embryo.

Pollination: The transfer of pollen from an anther to a receptive part of a flower or seed plant. It begins the route that brings sperm cells toward the egg.
Plant life cycle: The alternating haploid and diploid stages through which plants reproduce and develop. It shows fertilization as the transition from gametophyte gametes to a diploid generation.
Fertilization in animals: The fusion of animal sperm and egg cells to form a zygote. It shares gamete fusion with plants but occurs in animal reproductive systems.
Seed development: The formation and maturation of a seed from a fertilized ovule. The zygote and surrounding ovule tissues begin developing into a seed.
Pollen tube: A tubular extension of a pollen grain that grows through plant tissue and carries sperm cells toward an ovule. It transports sperm cells from the pollen grain to the female gametophyte.
Alternation of generations: A life cycle alternating between multicellular haploid gametophytes and diploid sporophytes. Fertilization restores the diploid phase after the haploid gametophyte produces gametes.
Fertilization in gymnosperms: The fusion of a gymnosperm sperm cell with an egg inside an ovule, producing a zygote. Gymnosperms fertilize eggs without flowers or the double fertilization typical of angiosperms.
Plant embryo: The young diploid plant formed from a zygote and enclosed within a seed. It develops through cell division and differentiation of the fertilized egg.
Sperm cell in plants: A male gamete that fuses with an egg or central cell during fertilization in seed plants. One sperm cell fuses with the egg to form the zygote.
Gametophyte: The haploid plant generation that produces gametes by mitosis. The egg and sperm arise within the gametophyte generation.

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