Fictitious force

A fictitious force is an apparent force introduced in a non-inertial reference frame so Newton’s laws describe motion relative to that frame. It arises from the frame’s acceleration, not from a physical interaction.

D’Alembert force: An inertial force equal to the negative of a body's mass times its acceleration, used to express dynamics as static equilibrium. It recasts acceleration-dependent dynamics as balance against an inertial force.
Reference frame: A coordinate system and associated clocks used to describe the positions and motion of objects. Fictitious forces depend on which frame describes the motion.
Coriolis effect: The apparent deflection of motion caused by Earth's rotation, especially over large distances or long times. It is the large-scale consequence of the Coriolis force in an Earth-fixed frame.
Contact force: A physical force transmitted when objects touch, such as friction or a normal force. Unlike a fictitious force, it arises from an interaction between bodies.
Centrifugal force: An apparent outward force in a rotating reference frame, proportional to distance from the rotation axis and the square of angular speed. It is the radial fictitious force in a uniformly rotating frame.
Inertial frame: A reference frame in which a free body moves at constant velocity and Newton's first law holds. Newton's laws need no fictitious-force correction in this kind of frame.
Trade winds: Persistent tropical winds that blow toward the equator and are deflected westward by Earth's rotation. Their prevailing direction reflects Coriolis deflection of atmospheric flow.
Gravitational force: The attractive interaction between masses described by Newton's law of gravitation or, more generally, general relativity. In Newtonian mechanics it is a physical interaction, though gravity can resemble acceleration locally.
Coriolis force: An apparent force in a rotating frame, perpendicular to an object's velocity and the frame's angular velocity. It deflects moving objects relative to a rotating frame.
Non-inertial reference frame: A reference frame that accelerates or rotates relative to an inertial frame. This is the setting in which fictitious forces appear.

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