Figure skating jump

A figure skating jump is an airborne element in which a skater takes off from an edge or toe pick and lands on one foot. Jumps differ by their takeoff technique and number of rotations.

Axel jump: A jump taking off forward from an outside edge and landing backward after at least one and a half rotations. Its forward takeoff adds half a rotation compared with jumps launched backward.
Figure skating edge: The curved path made by skating on the inside or outside edge of a blade. Edge choice determines the takeoff identity of several jumps.
Figure skating spin: A figure skating element in which a skater rotates continuously on one skate, usually while remaining on the ice. Unlike a jump, a spin does not require an airborne phase.
International Skating Union Judging System: The scoring framework used by the International Skating Union for judging figure skating competitions. It assigns base values and execution grades to performed jumps.
Axel Paulsen: A Norwegian speed skater and figure skater who introduced the jump named after him in the nineteenth century. His name is attached to the only standard jump taking off forward.
Toe loop: A figure skating jump launched backward from a toe pick and outside edge, then landed backward on the same foot. It is a toe-assisted jump whose edge and landing foot match.
Toe pick: The serrated teeth at the front of a figure skating blade, used for grip and toe-assisted takeoffs. Toe-assisted jumps use its teeth to launch from the ice.
Loop jump: An edge jump launched backward from an outside edge and landed backward on the same foot. It shares a takeoff and landing foot, but uses no toe-pick assistance.
Grade of execution: A judging adjustment reflecting the quality of an element in figure skating. Judges reward clean height, distance, control, and landing quality.
Ulrich Salchow: A Swedish figure skater who won Olympic gold in 1908 and originated the jump named after him. His jump became one of the six standard jump types.

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