File format

A specification that defines how data is encoded and organized in a computer file, enabling software to interpret or create it.

File: A named collection of data stored on a computer system. A file format specifies how the data in a file is represented and arranged.
Parser: A program component that analyzes input according to a language's syntax and structure. A parser reads file data and checks it against the format's rules.
Portable Document Format: A document format designed to preserve page appearance across software and hardware environments. PDF exemplifies a format built to maintain a stable visual presentation.
Open format: A file format whose specification is publicly available and usable under stated terms. Open formats reduce dependence on hidden or restricted format rules.
Data serialization: The conversion of structured data into a form that can be stored or transmitted. File formats often define serialization rules for turning data into stored bytes.
Encoder: A program component that converts data into a specified representation. An encoder creates files by applying a format's representation rules.
JPEG: A family of image-compression standards widely used for photographic images. JPEG shows how a format can trade some image detail for smaller files.
Proprietary format: A file format controlled by an organization under terms that may restrict access or use. Proprietary formats can tie file creation or interpretation to particular vendors.
Character encoding: A mapping between characters and numerical values used to represent text digitally. Text formats depend on character encodings to represent written content consistently.
Byte order mark: A byte sequence at the start of some text files that signals encoding or byte order. Text formats may use this marker to help software select the correct decoding.

Linked from 12 pages