Filter bubble

A personalized information environment that narrows what someone encounters, often limiting exposure to viewpoints or material outside their existing interests.

Recommender system: A software system that predicts and ranks items a person may want to see, hear, or use. Ranking content by predicted interest can repeatedly favor familiar topics and viewpoints.
Echo chamber: A social environment in which beliefs are reinforced through repeated interaction with like-minded people. A filter bubble is shaped by personalized selection; an echo chamber also depends on social reinforcement.
Political polarization: The growing ideological distance or antagonism between political groups. Concern centers on whether separated information diets intensify divisions between political groups.
Eli Pariser: An internet activist and author who popularized the term “filter bubble” in a 2011 book. His account made personalized information narrowing a prominent public concern.
Collaborative filtering: A recommendation method that predicts preferences from patterns shared among users or items. Shared behavior can steer personalized feeds toward content favored by similar users.
Selective exposure: The tendency to choose information that aligns with existing attitudes while avoiding disagreement. This describes a human choice pattern that can exist without algorithmic personalization.
Cross-cutting exposure: Encountering information or viewpoints that challenge a person's usual political or social perspective. It is the kind of exposure a filter bubble may reduce.
Personalization paradox: The tension between personalization's convenience and its potential to restrict discovery or diversity. The debate weighs useful relevance against the risk of narrowing exposure.
Content-based filtering: A recommendation method that suggests items resembling those a user previously liked or selected. Matching new material to past interests can narrow the range of topics shown.
Confirmation bias: The tendency to seek, interpret, and remember evidence in ways that support existing beliefs. It can make a narrowed information supply feel especially convincing.

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