Finnish Army

The Finnish Army is the land warfare branch of Finland’s Defence Forces. During World War II, it fought the Soviet Union in the Winter War and Continuation War, then fought German forces in the Lapland War.

Motti tactics: A Finnish encirclement tactic that isolated and destroyed separated enemy units, especially in forested terrain. Finnish troops used these attacks against Soviet columns during the Winter War.
Continuation War: The 1941–1944 conflict in which Finland fought the Soviet Union alongside Germany. The Army fought major campaigns in Karelia before Finland sought peace with the Soviet Union.
Finnish Declaration of Independence: The 1917 declaration by which Finland proclaimed independence from Russia. Independence created the need for Finnish national armed forces.
Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim: A Finnish military commander and statesman who led the country’s armed forces during World War II. As commander-in-chief, he directed the Army through the Winter and Continuation Wars.
Moscow Peace Treaty: The 1940 treaty that ended the Winter War and required Finland to cede territory to the Soviet Union. Its territorial terms followed the Army’s resistance and Finland’s military defeat.
Finnish Defence Forces: Finland’s military organization, comprising the Army, Navy, and Air Force. The Finnish Army is the land branch of this national defence organization.
Lapland War: The 1944–1945 conflict in which Finland drove German forces from Finnish Lapland. The Army turned against its former German co-belligerents under the terms of the armistice.
Finnish Civil War: The 1918 conflict between the Reds and Whites that followed Finland’s independence. The conflict formed the early Finnish military and left a lasting national divide.
Aksel Airo: A Finnish general who served as chief of staff to the commander-in-chief during World War II. He coordinated operational planning and the Army’s central command.
Moscow Armistice: The 1944 agreement that ended hostilities between Finland and the Soviet Union. Its conditions required Finland to demobilize and fight German forces in Lapland.

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