Knowra Fiqh Fiqh Fiqh is the human understanding and interpretation of Islamic law, derived from the Quran, the Sunnah, and other legal sources. It comprises reasoned judgments about worship, conduct, and social relations.
Quran : The central scripture of Islam, regarded by Muslims as revelation to Muhammad. Fiqh draws on its verses as a primary source of legal guidance.
Ijma : The recognized consensus of qualified Muslim jurists on a legal question. Consensus can serve as legal evidence and constrain later rulings.
Abu Hanifa : An eighth-century Muslim jurist traditionally regarded as the eponymous founder of the Hanafi school. His legal reasoning shaped one of fiqh’s most influential schools.
Islamic ritual purity : The rules governing ritual cleanliness and states of purity in Islamic worship. Fiqh specifies the conditions of purity required for acts such as prayer.
Sharia : The divine path or normative ideal in Islam, encompassing guidance for belief and conduct. Fiqh is human interpretation of the law, while sharia names its divine normative ideal.
Sunnah : The normative example of Muhammad, preserved chiefly through reports of his words, actions, and approvals. Its accounts provide legal guidance alongside the Quran.
Istihsan : A juristic method, especially associated with Hanafi law, that favors a stronger legal consideration over a strict analogy. It permits jurists to depart from an analogy when another justification is stronger.
Malik ibn Anas : An eighth-century Muslim jurist and author of the Muwatta, associated with the Maliki school. His work preserved Medinan legal practice as a source of jurisprudence.
Salah : The prescribed ritual prayer performed by Muslims at set times each day. Juristic rulings define its times, prerequisites, and manner.
Qanun : A state-issued body of law or regulation in Muslim-majority societies. State legislation may draw on fiqh but is not identical to juristic doctrine.
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