First Aliyah

The First Aliyah was a wave of Jewish immigration to Ottoman Palestine, beginning in 1881 and continuing into the early 1900s. Its immigrants founded agricultural settlements and helped establish the foundations of modern Jewish settlement there.

Pogroms in the Russian Empire: Organized or tolerated anti-Jewish violence in the Russian Empire, especially during waves of attacks in the late nineteenth century. Violence following the assassination of Alexander II prompted many Jews to flee and helped spur the migration.
Petah Tikva: A Jewish agricultural settlement founded in Ottoman Palestine in 1878 and resettled by First Aliyah immigrants in 1883. Its revival by the newcomers made it an early model of renewed agricultural settlement.
Moshava: A privately founded Jewish agricultural colony, especially associated with early modern settlement in Palestine. This village form organized much of the First Aliyah's settlement activity.
Second Aliyah: A wave of Jewish immigration to Ottoman Palestine, generally dated from 1904 to 1914. Its larger role for socialist pioneers and collective institutions contrasted with the First Aliyah's family colonies.
Hovevei Zion: A network of Jewish groups that promoted immigration to and agricultural settlement in Palestine in the late nineteenth century. Its activists organized support and practical aid for settlers before political Zionism became institutionalized.
Rishon LeZion: A Jewish agricultural settlement founded in Ottoman Palestine in 1882 by immigrants associated with Hovevei Zion. It became one of the best-known settlements established during the immigration wave.
Jewish National Fund: A Zionist organization founded in 1901 to acquire and develop land in Palestine for Jewish settlement. Its later collective land-purchasing model differed from the earlier colonies' reliance on private ownership and philanthropy.
Hebrew revival: The modernization of Hebrew as a spoken language and its adoption in education and public life. Settlement communities helped make Hebrew a language of everyday use and schooling.
Bilu movement: A Jewish immigrant movement founded in 1882 that sought national renewal through agricultural settlement in Palestine. Its young pioneers became an emblematic group among the earliest immigrants.
Zikhron Ya'akov: A settlement founded in 1882 by Romanian Jewish immigrants and later supported by Baron Edmond de Rothschild. Its development illustrates how private philanthropy helped sustain new agricultural colonies.

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