First Anglo-Afghan War

The First Anglo-Afghan War (1839–1842) was fought between the British East India Company and Afghan forces. It ended with the retreat and near-destruction of the British-led force from Kabul.

Army of the Indus: The British-led force that invaded Afghanistan in 1839 to restore Shah Shuja to power. Its advance opened the war, and its remnants later began the retreat from Kabul.
The Great Game: The nineteenth-century strategic rivalry between the Russian and British empires across Central Asia. British fears of Russian influence helped justify intervention in Afghanistan.
Akbar Khan: The Afghan leader who organized resistance during the Kabul uprising and negotiated with the British in 1841. His negotiations and military pressure shaped the withdrawal from Kabul.
Second Anglo-Afghan War: The 1878–1880 conflict between Britain and Afghanistan over influence and foreign relations. It renewed British intervention in Afghanistan after a generation of uneasy independence.
Kabul uprising of 1841: An uprising in Kabul that began in November 1841 against the British occupation and Shah Shuja's government. It turned occupation into a siege and forced negotiations for withdrawal.
Dost Mohammad Khan: The Barakzai ruler of Kabul who founded the modern Afghan state and ruled from 1826 to 1839 and 1843 to 1863. British officials treated his diplomacy and rule as obstacles to their preferred Afghan settlement.
William Elphinstone: The British general who commanded the Kabul garrison during the uprising and retreat of 1841–1842. His failing command left the withdrawing force exposed and disorganized.
Third Anglo-Afghan War: The 1919 war in which Afghanistan fought Britain and secured control over its foreign affairs. It ended the treaty limits on Afghanistan's independent foreign policy imposed after later conflict.
William Hay Macnaghten: A British diplomat and official killed during the Kabul uprising in December 1841. His killing destroyed the British position's remaining political leverage in Kabul.
Shah Shuja Durrani: An Afghan ruler restored to the throne by British forces during the First Anglo-Afghan War. His claim gave the invasion a dynastic justification, despite his long absence from Afghanistan.

Linked from 4 pages