First Boer War

The 1880–1881 conflict in which Boer forces fought British rule in the Transvaal, ending with the restoration of Transvaal self-government under British suzerainty.

Battle of Majuba Hill: The 1881 battle in which Boer forces defeated British troops on Majuba Hill in the Transvaal. This decisive Boer victory helped persuade Britain to end the fighting.
Transvaal Annexation: Britain's 1877 incorporation of the South African Republic into the British Empire. The annexation converted political opposition into a campaign to restore independence.
George Pomeroy Colley: A British general and colonial administrator who commanded British forces during the First Boer War. Colley’s command ended with his death at Majuba Hill.
London Convention: The 1884 agreement that revised the terms of Transvaal self-government under British suzerainty. It replaced the Pretoria Convention’s terms and expanded Transvaal independence.
Siege of Pretoria: The Boer siege of the British garrison in Pretoria during the First Boer War. The siege pressured the British administration while fighting continued elsewhere.
Paul Kruger: A Boer political leader who became president of the South African Republic and helped lead resistance to British rule. Kruger represented Transvaal resistance and helped negotiate the postwar settlement.
Redvers Buller: A British army officer who served in southern Africa and later commanded forces in the Second Boer War. Buller participated in the British response to the Transvaal uprising.
Second Boer War: The 1899–1902 war between the British Empire and the Boer republics of the Transvaal and Orange Free State. The uneasy settlement after the first war did not prevent a much larger later conflict.
Battle of Laing's Nek: An 1881 battle in which Boer forces repelled a British attempt to cross Laing's Nek. The British defeat exposed the difficulty of forcing a route into the Transvaal.
Piet Joubert: A Boer military commander and politician who led Transvaal forces during the First Boer War. His command helped organize the republic’s military response to British rule.

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