Fish migration

Fish migration is the regular movement of fish between habitats, often for feeding, breeding, or completing different stages of their life cycle.

Anadromy: A life history in which fish grow mainly at sea and migrate into freshwater to reproduce. Salmon exemplify this sea-to-river route between feeding grounds and spawning sites.
Fish life history: The sequence of growth, reproduction, and survival stages in a fish's life. Migration often links habitats used in different stages of that sequence.
Fish ladder: A structure that lets fish bypass a barrier by moving through a series of pools or steps. Fish ladders restore passage around dams for some migrating species.
Salmon run: The seasonal migration of salmon from the ocean into freshwater to spawn. A salmon run brings marine-derived nutrients into river and forest ecosystems.
Fish residency: A pattern in which fish remain within a relatively restricted area rather than undertaking regular long-distance movements. Resident populations show that migration is not universal, even within mobile species.
Catadromy: A life history in which fish grow mainly in freshwater and migrate to the sea to reproduce. Freshwater eels reverse the anadromous pattern, spawning in the ocean.
Fish habitat: The physical and biological environment in which a fish lives. Migration connects habitats that provide different resources or conditions.
Fish passage: The movement of fish past barriers such as dams, culverts, and weirs. Maintaining passage is central to keeping migration routes connected.
Fish spawning ground: A location where fish reproduce by releasing eggs and sperm. Migration concentrates reproduction at habitats whose condition affects recruitment.
Amphidromy: A life history in which fish move between freshwater and the sea for feeding or growth, not to reproduce. It resembles anadromy and catadromy but differs in the purpose of the salinity transition.

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