Flag of Brazil

Brazil’s national flag has a green field, a yellow diamond, and a blue celestial globe crossed by a banner bearing the national motto, “Ordem e Progresso.”

Ordem e Progresso: The Portuguese national motto of Brazil, meaning “Order and Progress.” The words appear on the banner crossing the flag’s celestial globe.
Flag of the Empire of Brazil: The Brazilian imperial flag used from independence in 1822 until the monarchy ended in 1889. The republican flag retained the green field and yellow diamond from this predecessor.
Celestial sphere: An imagined sphere surrounding Earth on which celestial objects appear to be located. The flag presents its stars as a view of the sky on this sphere.
Flag of Brazil (1960): The Brazilian flag design adopted in 1960, updated to represent the Federal District and 21 states. It added stars as the federation’s composition changed.
Brazilian states: The federative units that make up the Federative Republic of Brazil. The flag’s stars represent Brazil’s states and the Federal District.
Proclamation of the Republic (Brazil): The 1889 military-led event that ended Brazil’s monarchy and established a republic. The new regime replaced the imperial emblem with a republican flag.
Stellar cartography: The mapping and representation of stars and other celestial objects. The globe’s star positions derive from a specific astronomical representation.
Flag of Brazil (1968): The Brazilian flag design established by a 1968 law, with stars corresponding to 22 states and the Federal District. Its revision reflected the creation of Guanabara as a state.
Southern Cross: A prominent constellation in the southern sky, also known as Crux. Several constellations on the globe, including this one, arrange the flag’s stars.
Raimundo Teixeira Mendes: A Brazilian philosopher and positivist who helped devise the republican flag’s design. He proposed the flag’s celestial globe and motto as republican symbols.

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