Flag of India

India’s national flag is a horizontal tricolor of saffron, white, and green, with a navy-blue Ashoka Chakra centered in the white band.

Saffron: A yellow-orange hue used in India’s national flag as its upper band. The upper stripe supplies the tricolor’s distinctive saffron color.
Pingali Venkayya: An Indian freedom fighter and designer associated with proposals for India’s national flag. His flag designs helped shape the tricolor adopted by the independence movement.
National symbol: An emblem officially or conventionally associated with a nation and its identity. The flag represents India in public ceremonies and international settings.
Bureau of Indian Standards: India’s national standards body, responsible for developing and maintaining technical standards. Its specifications define requirements for the flag’s dimensions and construction.
Flag of British India: The colonial-era flag used to represent British India under British rule. It represented imperial authority rather than the independent republic’s national identity.
White: The lightest visible color, reflecting nearly all wavelengths of visible light. The central band provides contrast for the Ashoka Chakra.
Indian National Congress: A political party founded in 1885 that led much of India’s independence movement. The Congress adopted an earlier tricolor that preceded the national flag.
Ashoka: An ancient Indian emperor of the Maurya dynasty who ruled much of the subcontinent in the third century BCE. The Chakra’s name and design evoke the legacy of Ashoka’s rule.
Khadi: Hand-spun and hand-woven cloth associated with India’s independence movement. Indian law requires the national flag to be made from specified khadi fabrics.
Flag of Pakistan: Pakistan’s national flag, a green field with a white stripe, crescent, and star. Its religious emblems and color arrangement differ sharply from India’s tricolor.

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