Flashlight

A handheld, battery-powered electric light that directs a beam onto nearby surroundings. Its portability and self-contained power source make it useful where fixed lighting is unavailable.

Incandescent light bulb: An electric lamp that produces light by heating a filament until it glows. Older flashlights used filaments, which consume more power and produce more heat than LEDs.
Electric current: The flow of electric charge through a material or circuit. Current carries energy from the flashlight's battery to its light source.
Headlamp: A portable light worn on the head, leaving both hands free. A headlamp serves similar close-range needs but points with the wearer's head.
Emergency lighting: Lighting used when normal illumination fails or is unavailable. A battery-powered flashlight can provide light during power outages.
David Misell: A British inventor credited with patenting an early practical flashlight in 1899. Misell's 1899 patent describes an early battery-powered hand lamp.
Electric battery: An electrochemical device that supplies electrical energy through reactions between its electrodes and electrolyte. The battery provides the portable electrical power that runs the flashlight.
Electrical circuit: A connected path through which electric current can flow. A flashlight works when its battery, switch, and light source form a closed circuit.
Lantern: A portable light designed to illuminate an area around itself rather than project a narrow beam. Unlike a flashlight's forward beam, a lantern spreads light through its surroundings.
Camping: An outdoor activity involving temporary stays away from permanent accommodation. Flashlights provide portable illumination around campsites after dark.
Conrad Hubert: An inventor and entrepreneur who founded the American Eveready company. Hubert commercialized early electric hand lamps and helped establish the flashlight market.

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CandlepowerRelated: Some flashlight specifications still use candlepower to describe beam intensity.