Fluoride ion

The fluoride ion is the anion F⁻, formed when a fluorine atom gains one electron. It is the smallest halide ion and commonly forms ionic compounds with metals.

Electron affinity: The energy change when a neutral atom gains an electron to form a negative ion. Fluorine’s strong attraction for an added electron helps explain formation of F⁻.
Water fluoridation: The controlled adjustment of fluoride concentration in public drinking water to reduce tooth decay. Dissolved fluoride ions are the active species in fluoridated water.
Dental caries: A disease in which acids produced by oral microbes demineralize tooth tissues and create cavities. Fluoride reduces the risk of this acid-driven mineral loss.
Chloride: The anion Cl⁻, formed when a chlorine atom gains one electron. Chloride is a larger halide ion with different hydration and bonding behavior.
Ionic bond: An electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in a compound. Fluoride forms ionic bonds with many metal cations.
Tooth enamel: The hard, mineral-rich outer covering of a tooth, composed mainly of calcium phosphate crystals. Fluoride can make enamel mineral more resistant to acid-driven dissolution.
Dental fluorosis: A change in tooth enamel caused by excessive fluoride intake while teeth are developing. High fluoride exposure during enamel formation can produce this condition.
Bromide: The anion Br⁻, formed when a bromine atom gains one electron. Bromide illustrates how halide properties change down the periodic table.
Hydrogen fluoride: The molecular compound HF, which dissolves in water to form hydrofluoric acid. HF is the neutral molecule whose bond dissociation releases fluoride under suitable conditions.
Fluoride toothpaste: Toothpaste formulated with fluoride compounds to help prevent dental caries. Its fluoride compounds release ions at the tooth surface during brushing.

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