Fluorine chemistry

Fluorine chemistry studies elemental fluorine, fluoride ions, and compounds containing fluorine, including their structures, properties, preparation, and reactions.

Fluorine: Fluorine is the most electronegative chemical element and exists as a highly reactive diatomic gas. Its elemental form sets the distinctive reactivity and handling challenges of fluorine chemistry.
Organofluorine chemistry: Organofluorine chemistry studies compounds containing carbon–fluorine bonds. It covers the vast range of fluorinated molecules used in drugs and materials.
Chlorine chemistry: Chlorine chemistry studies chlorine-containing substances and their chemical reactions. Chlorine is less electronegative and often less reactive than fluorine, producing different compounds.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances are a broad class of chemicals containing highly fluorinated carbon chains. Their persistence and widespread use make them a central environmental concern.
Henri Moissan: Henri Moissan was a French chemist who first isolated elemental fluorine in 1886. His electrochemical method overcame the formidable difficulties of producing fluorine gas.
Carbon–fluorine bond: A covalent bond between carbon and fluorine, notable for its strength and polarity. This bond gives many organofluorine compounds unusual stability and properties.
Fluoropolymers: Fluoropolymers are polymers whose carbon-based chains contain fluorine atoms. Their chemical resistance and low friction make them prominent fluorine-chemistry products.
Bromine chemistry: Bromine chemistry studies bromine-containing substances and their chemical reactions. Bromine’s larger, more polarizable atoms contrast with fluorine’s compact bonding.
Hydrofluoric acid: Hydrofluoric acid is hydrogen fluoride dissolved in water, capable of severe deep-tissue injury. Its toxicity and ability to penetrate tissue demand specialized handling and treatment.
Fluorine isolation: Fluorine isolation is the production of elemental fluorine from fluoride-containing compounds. Its history explains why fluorine remained elusive despite decades of attempts.

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