Foehn wind

A warm, dry downslope wind on a mountain’s lee side, produced when air loses moisture climbing the windward slope and warms as it descends.

Orographic lift: The forced upward movement of air over terrain such as a mountain range. It begins the ascent that cools air and encourages condensation on the windward slope.
Föhn: The German name for a warm, dry downslope wind, especially in the Alps. The term foehn is an English spelling of this Alpine wind name.
Chinook wind: A warm, dry downslope wind on the eastern side of the Rocky Mountains. It is the North American counterpart of the Alpine foehn.
Isentropic drawdown: The descent of air along sloping surfaces of constant potential temperature. It can bring higher-altitude air down the lee slope without requiring simple parcel descent from the crest.
Adiabatic process: A thermodynamic change in a system without heat exchange with its surroundings. Descending air warms through compression without needing heat from the ground.
Alps: A major European mountain range extending across eight countries. Foehn winds were named and extensively described in the Alpine region.
Santa Ana winds: Hot, dry offshore winds that descend toward Southern California from inland deserts. Like foehn winds, they can rapidly raise temperatures and lower humidity, but arise in a different setting.
Hydraulic jump: An abrupt transition from fast, shallow flow to slower, deeper flow in a stratified fluid. Some foehn events involve abrupt flow transitions that complicate predictions of wind strength.
Lapse rate: The rate at which atmospheric temperature changes with altitude. Different cooling and warming rates for saturated and dry air shape the temperature contrast.
Alpine meteorology: The study of weather and atmospheric processes in the Alps. The classic foehn account developed through observation of Alpine weather.

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DolomitesRelated: Alpine relief around the Dolomites can produce these characteristic downslope winds.