Force concentration

Force concentration is the deliberate massing of combat power at a decisive point to gain local superiority over an opposing force.

Schwerpunkt: Schwerpunkt is the main point of effort where a military force concentrates its actions and resources. It identifies the decisive focus toward which concentrated forces are directed.
Battle of Cannae: The Battle of Cannae was a 216 BCE Carthaginian victory over Rome during the Second Punic War. Hannibal's encirclement concentrated force against the Roman army's advancing center and flanks.
Dispersion (military): Military dispersion spreads forces across space to reduce vulnerability or cover multiple areas. It reverses concentration's spatial logic, trading local superiority for broader coverage or protection.
Logistics: Logistics is the planning and execution of moving and sustaining personnel and materiel. Concentrated forces consume supplies rapidly and depend on reliable routes and depots.
Interior lines: Interior lines are routes that let a force move between positions within an enemy's wider deployment. They can let a centrally placed force shift strength faster than dispersed opponents.
Battle of Austerlitz: The Battle of Austerlitz was Napoleon's 1805 victory over Austrian and Russian forces. Napoleon weakened one sector to draw enemy forces there, then struck the exposed center.
Mass (military): Mass is the coordinated application of combat power to produce a decisive effect at a chosen place and time. Mass names the combat effect that concentration seeks to create.
Lines of communication: Lines of communication are routes used to move forces, supplies, and information between military positions. A concentrated force can become vulnerable if its supply and movement routes are disrupted.
Economy of force: Economy of force is the allocation of only the minimum resources needed to secondary tasks. Holding secondary fronts lightly frees combat power for the decisive point.
Battle of Midway: The Battle of Midway was a 1942 naval battle in which the United States defeated a Japanese carrier force. U.S. forces concentrated carrier aviation against Japanese carriers at a strategically decisive moment.

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