Forearm

The part of the upper limb between the elbow and wrist, containing the radius and ulna. Its bones and muscles support wrist and hand movement.

Radius: The forearm bone on the thumb side, which rotates around the ulna during forearm rotation. It forms the forearm’s lateral bony column and participates in wrist and elbow joints.
Pronation: Rotation of the forearm that turns the palm downward or backward from anatomical position. The radius crosses over the ulna to produce this movement.
Colles' fracture: A distal radius fracture with dorsal displacement of the wrist-side fragment. This common injury involves the forearm bone nearest the wrist.
Arm: The upper-limb segment between the shoulder and elbow, containing the humerus. In anatomical usage, the arm is proximal to the forearm and is often confused with it.
Ulna: The forearm bone on the little-finger side, forming the prominent hinge at the elbow. It stabilizes the forearm and articulates with the radius at both ends.
Supination: Rotation of the forearm that turns the palm upward or forward from anatomical position. The radius and ulna become parallel as the forearm returns to this position.
Monteggia fracture: A proximal ulna fracture accompanied by dislocation of the radial head. It demonstrates why the radius and ulna must be assessed together.
Hand: The terminal part of the upper limb, including the wrist, palm, and fingers. It lies beyond the forearm and performs grasping and precise manipulation.
Interosseous membrane of forearm: A fibrous sheet connecting the radius and ulna along much of their length. It binds the two bones and transfers forces between them.
Flexor muscles of the forearm: Forearm muscles that flex the wrist and fingers, with some also pronating the forearm. Most occupy the anterior compartment and move the wrist and digits.

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