Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt

The Fourteenth Dynasty was a line of rulers who governed parts of Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, contemporaneously with the Thirteenth Dynasty.

Second Intermediate Period: A period of political division in Egypt between the Middle Kingdom and the New Kingdom, roughly 1650–1550 BCE. The dynasty belongs to this era of competing regional powers.
Pharaoh: The conventional title for a ruler of ancient Egypt. The dynasty's rulers claimed Egypt's royal office despite limited territorial control.
Neferhotep I: A Thirteenth Dynasty pharaoh whose reign is among the best documented of the Second Intermediate Period. His substantial evidence contrasts with the sparse record for Fourteenth Dynasty rulers.
Hyksos: Rulers of foreign origin who controlled much of northern Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period. Their better-known kingdom overlapped with the Delta region often assigned to the Fourteenth Dynasty.
Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt: A succession of Egyptian rulers based chiefly at Thebes during the Second Intermediate Period. It ruled at the same time as the Fourteenth Dynasty.
Egyptian chronology: The framework historians use to date and order events and reigns in ancient Egyptian history. The dynasty's dates remain uncertain because its records are sparse.
Sheshi: A ruler known from numerous scarabs, usually assigned to the Fourteenth Dynasty or the early Hyksos period. His widespread scarabs are central to debates about the dynasty's rulers and territory.
Second Intermediate Period chronology: The disputed dating and ordering of rulers and events during Egypt's Second Intermediate Period. The dynasty's start and end depend on unresolved chronological reconstructions.
Avaris: An ancient city in the eastern Nile Delta that became the capital of the Hyksos rulers. Some reconstructions place the Fourteenth Dynasty's seat in the eastern Delta near Avaris.
Ancient Egyptian king lists: Texts that record sequences of Egyptian rulers for religious, political, or historical purposes. Lists preserve the dynasty's place in the succession but do not settle its history.

Linked from 4 pages