Fourth Anglo-Dutch War

The Fourth Anglo-Dutch War was a conflict between Great Britain and the Dutch Republic from 1780 to 1784, fought chiefly at sea and ending in Dutch defeat.

Battle of Dogger Bank (1781): An indecisive naval battle between British and Dutch fleets fought in the North Sea on 5 August 1781. The war’s largest fleet engagement exposed how little either side could gain at sea.
American Revolutionary War: A war from 1775 to 1783 in which Britain fought to retain control of its North American colonies. The wider war made Dutch trade with Britain’s enemies a direct strategic issue.
Treaty of Paris (1783): The 1783 treaty that ended the American Revolutionary War between Britain and the United States. Its settlement did not end the separate Anglo-Dutch conflict, which continued into 1784.
First Anglo-Dutch War: A naval war between the English Commonwealth and the Dutch Republic from 1652 to 1654. It was an earlier Anglo-Dutch struggle over maritime trade and naval supremacy.
Siege of Negapatam (1781): A British siege that captured the Dutch-held port of Negapatam on India’s Coromandel Coast in 1781. The loss demonstrated how British forces could seize Dutch possessions far from Europe.
League of Armed Neutrality: An alliance formed in 1780 by Russia, Denmark-Norway, Sweden, and later other states to defend neutral shipping rights. Dutch efforts to join the league helped trigger Britain’s declaration of war.
Treaty of Paris (1784): The peace treaty that ended the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War between Great Britain and the Dutch Republic. Its terms confirmed Dutch defeat and required territorial concessions in Asia.
Second Anglo-Dutch War: A war between England and the Dutch Republic from 1665 to 1667, fought at sea and in colonial territories. It provides an earlier comparison for the recurring contest over trade and sea power.
Dutch East India Company: A Dutch chartered company that held a monopoly on Dutch trade with Asia and governed overseas territories. British attacks on its shipping and settlements made the company a central target.
John Adams: An American statesman who served as a diplomat in Europe and later became the second president of the United States. His 1780 mission to the Netherlands advanced American-Dutch relations during the crisis.

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