Frame-dragging

Frame-dragging is the relativistic effect in which a rotating mass twists nearby spacetime, shifting the orientation of inertial frames around it.

Lense–Thirring effect: The weak-field prediction that a rotating body's angular momentum precesses nearby orbits and gyroscopes. It is the standard weak-field description of frame-dragging near rotating bodies.
Gravity Probe B: A NASA satellite experiment that measured relativistic precession using four ultra-precise gyroscopes. Its gyroscopes measured the frame-dragging precession produced by Earth's rotation.
Albert Einstein: The physicist who developed special and general relativity and reshaped modern physics. His field equations make the rotational dragging of inertial frames possible.
Newtonian gravity: A classical theory in which masses attract through a force proportional to their masses and inversely proportional to distance squared. It predicts no dragging of inertial frames by a rotating mass.
Kerr metric: The exact vacuum solution of Einstein's field equations for an uncharged rotating black hole. Its off-diagonal spacetime geometry encodes frame-dragging around a rotating black hole.
LAGEOS: A pair of dense, laser-ranged geodetic satellites used to study Earth's gravity field and geodynamics. Their orbital nodes provide measurements used to estimate Earth's frame-dragging.
General relativity: Einstein's theory of gravity, in which matter and energy shape spacetime and free bodies follow its geometry. Frame-dragging is a prediction of general relativity, absent from Newtonian gravity.
Schwarzschild metric: The spacetime solution describing the exterior of a spherical, nonrotating, uncharged mass. Unlike the Kerr metric, it has no rotational frame-dragging.
Inertial frame: A reference frame in which free objects move without apparent acceleration. Frame-dragging is described as a rotation of local inertial frames relative to distant ones.
Earth: The third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to support life. Earth's rotation produces a tiny frame-dragging effect measured by satellites.

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