Framing (social sciences)

Framing is the selection and emphasis of aspects of an issue that shape how people interpret it, evaluate it, and respond.

Frame analysis: A method for examining how social interaction organizes experience and makes events intelligible. It provides a systematic way to identify the interpretive structures that framing relies on.
Erving Goffman: A Canadian-American sociologist known for analyzing everyday interaction and the organization of social experience. His account of frames in everyday life became a major foundation for social-science framing.
Media framing: The selection and emphasis of aspects of events or issues in news and other media content. It applies framing analysis to how media presentations shape public interpretation.
Agenda-setting: The process by which communication affects the prominence of issues on a public agenda. It concerns which issues receive attention; framing concerns how an issue is interpreted.
Moral panic: A surge of public concern in which a person, group, or behavior is portrayed as a threat to social values. Threat framing can amplify concern and cast targeted groups as dangers to social order.
Framing effect: A change in judgment or choice caused by presenting equivalent information in different ways. It describes how altered presentation can change responses without changing the underlying facts.
Frame Analysis: An Essay on the Organization of Experience: Erving Goffman’s 1974 book examining the frameworks people use to interpret events. This book gave framing its influential sociological account of organized experience.
Political communication: The production and exchange of messages about politics among politicians, media, and the public. Framing is a central way political messages define problems and propose responses.
Persuasion: Communication intended to change another person’s beliefs, attitudes, or behavior. Framing can shape interpretation without requiring an explicit attempt to persuade.
Victim blaming: The attribution of responsibility for harm to the person who experienced it. Individualizing frames can shift explanations away from perpetrators and structural conditions.

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