France

France is a sovereign republic in Western Europe whose territory also includes overseas regions and territories. Its capital is Paris, and its political institutions combine a president, parliament, and government.

Paris: Paris is the capital and largest city of France, located on the Seine. The national government and many central institutions are based in the capital.
Kingdom of France: The Kingdom of France was a monarchy that ruled much of present-day France before the French Revolution. Its institutions and territorial expansion laid foundations for the modern state.
President of France: The President of France is the elected head of state of the French Republic. The office has substantial constitutional authority, especially in foreign affairs and executive appointments.
French colonial empire: The French colonial empire was the collection of territories controlled by France overseas from the 16th century into the 20th century. Its expansion and dissolution reshaped France and societies across Africa, Asia, and the Americas.
French language: French is a Romance language that developed from Latin and is spoken on several continents. It is the republic’s official language and a major marker of national life.
French Revolution: The French Revolution was a period of political upheaval beginning in 1789 that ended the monarchy and transformed France. It replaced royal sovereignty with claims of citizenship and popular sovereignty.
Prime Minister of France: The Prime Minister of France leads the government and is appointed by the president. The prime minister directs domestic policy and must retain the confidence of the National Assembly.
Decolonization: Decolonization is the process by which colonies gained independence from imperial powers. It transformed France’s overseas relationships and produced many independent states with lasting ties to France.
French Fifth Republic: The French Fifth Republic is France’s constitutional system established in 1958. Its constitution defines the current distribution of power among president, parliament, and government.
First French Empire: The First French Empire was Napoleon Bonaparte’s imperial regime, lasting from 1804 to 1814 and briefly in 1815. Napoleon consolidated revolutionary reforms and spread French power across Europe.

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