Francisco de Paula Santander

Francisco de Paula Santander was a Colombian military and political leader who helped secure independence from Spain and served as president of New Granada from 1832 to 1837.

Simón Bolívar: Simón Bolívar was a South American independence leader who helped liberate several Spanish American territories. Santander served under Bolívar but later became his political rival over the future of Gran Colombia.
Battle of Boyacá: The Battle of Boyacá was an 1819 victory that helped secure independence for New Granada. Santander commanded forces in the campaign whose decisive victory opened the road to Bogotá.
Viceroyalty of New Granada: The Viceroyalty of New Granada was a Spanish colonial jurisdiction covering parts of northern South America. Santander’s political world began in the colonial territory that independence movements dismantled.
Gran Colombia: Gran Colombia was a republic uniting present-day Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Panama from 1819 to 1831. Santander helped govern this union before its dissolution produced the republic he later led.
Antonio Nariño: Antonio Nariño was a Colombian revolutionary, politician, and early translator of the Declaration of the Rights of Man. Nariño and Santander became opposing figures in New Granada’s early political divisions.
Army of the Andes: The Army of the Andes was the force organized by José de San Martín for liberation campaigns in South America. Its campaigns provide a comparison with the military organization used in the northern independence struggle.
Colombian War of Independence: The Colombian War of Independence was the conflict that ended Spanish rule in New Granada. Santander built his military reputation in this struggle.
Dissolution of Gran Colombia: The dissolution of Gran Colombia was the 1830–1831 breakup of the republic into successor states. Its breakup set the political conditions for Santander’s presidency in New Granada.
José María Obando: José María Obando was a Colombian military and political leader active in the independence wars and early republic. Obando’s military career intersected with Santander’s leadership during the formation of New Granada.
Congress of Cúcuta: The Congress of Cúcuta was the 1821 assembly that created the Republic of Colombia, commonly called Gran Colombia. Santander helped shape the constitutional and governmental arrangements adopted at this assembly.

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