Francisco Franco

Francisco Franco was a Spanish military officer who ruled Spain as an authoritarian dictator from 1939 until his death in 1975. His regime emerged from the Spanish Civil War and combined military rule, nationalism, and political repression.

Francoist Spain: The authoritarian state and political system established under Francisco Franco in Spain. This was the regime through which Franco governed from the end of the Civil War until 1975.
Second Spanish Republic: Spain's republican government, established in 1931 and overthrown during the Civil War. Its conflicts and reforms preceded the military uprising that elevated Franco.
Emilio Mola: A Spanish general who helped plan the 1936 military uprising against the Second Spanish Republic. Mola was an early leader of the rebellion before Franco eclipsed him.
Spanish transition to democracy: Spain's shift from Franco's dictatorship to parliamentary democracy, beginning after Franco's death in 1975. The transition dismantled much of Franco's political system without an immediate rupture with its institutions.
Spanish Civil War: A conflict fought in Spain from 1936 to 1939 between the Republican government and Nationalist forces. The Nationalist victory made Franco ruler of Spain.
Spanish coup of July 1936: A military uprising against the Second Spanish Republic that began the Spanish Civil War. Franco joined the uprising and became its leading commander.
Ramón Serrano Suñer: A Spanish politician who held senior positions in Franco's early regime and promoted its alignment with the Axis powers. His influence connected Franco's government to fascist Europe during the Second World War.
Spanish Constitution of 1978: The constitution that established Spain as a parliamentary monarchy and defined its democratic institutions. It replaced Francoist political structures with a constitutional democratic order.
Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War): The coalition of military rebels and political groups that fought against the Spanish Republic in the Civil War. Franco led this faction to victory and used its coalition to build his regime.
Spanish Army of Africa: Spain's colonial military force based in Spanish Morocco, including the Spanish Legion and Moroccan troops. Its transfer to mainland Spain gave the Nationalist rebellion a powerful early advantage.

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