Frederick Reines

Frederick Reines (1918–1998) was an American physicist who led the first experimental detection of the neutrino and shared the 1995 Nobel Prize in Physics.

Clyde Cowan: Clyde Cowan was an American physicist who collaborated with Frederick Reines on the first detection of the neutrino. Cowan co-led the Savannah River experiment with Reines.
Inverse beta decay: Inverse beta decay is a reaction in which an electron antineutrino interacts with a proton to produce a positron and a neutron. This reaction converted elusive antineutrinos into detectable products.
Neutrino: A neutrino is an electrically neutral elementary particle that interacts primarily through the weak force and gravity. The particle’s weak interactions made its detection a formidable experimental challenge.
1995 Nobel Prize in Physics: The 1995 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Martin Perl for the tau lepton and Frederick Reines for neutrino detection. The award recognized Reines’s role in demonstrating that neutrinos could be detected.
Wolfgang Pauli: Wolfgang Pauli was an Austrian-born theoretical physicist who proposed the neutrino in 1930 to account for missing energy in beta decay. Pauli’s proposed particle gave Reines and Cowan something to detect.
Electron antineutrino: The electron antineutrino is the antimatter counterpart of the electron neutrino, interacting through the weak force. Reines and Cowan’s reactor experiment detected electron antineutrinos.
Cowan–Reines neutrino experiment: The Cowan–Reines neutrino experiment was the 1950s reactor-based experiment that established the detection of electron antineutrinos. This was the experiment for which Reines received the Nobel Prize.
Neutrino astronomy: Neutrino astronomy studies cosmic objects by detecting neutrinos emitted by their processes. Reines’s detection helped establish methods later used to observe neutrinos from space.
Enrico Fermi: Enrico Fermi was an Italian physicist who developed a theory of beta decay and named the neutrino. Fermi’s theory supplied a framework for predicting neutrino interactions.
Positron: A positron is the positively charged antiparticle of the electron. Its annihilation with an electron produced the first prompt flash in the detector.

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