Free solo climbing

Free solo climbing is climbing without a rope or other fall protection on terrain where a fall can be fatal. Its defining feature is that a climber’s safety depends on completing every move without falling.

Rock climbing: Rock climbing is the sport of ascending natural rock formations or artificial walls using hands and feet. Free soloing is one form of rock climbing, distinguished by climbing without fall protection.
El Capitan: El Capitan is a roughly 3,000-foot granite monolith in Yosemite Valley, California. Its long vertical walls became the setting for the most widely publicized free solo ascent.
Traditional climbing: Traditional climbing is a style in which climbers place removable protection in cracks as they ascend. It uses equipment to arrest falls, whereas free solo climbing uses no fall protection.
Risk homeostasis: Risk homeostasis is the hypothesis that people adjust their behavior to maintain a preferred level of risk. It offers one framework for examining whether climbers compensate for danger through caution or skill.
Climbing grades: Climbing grades are systems that classify routes by difficulty, using scales that vary by region and discipline. Grades describe the technical difficulty of routes, but do not measure the consequences of a fall.
Freerider: Freerider is a long climbing route on El Capitan in Yosemite National Park. Alex Honnold free soloed this route in 2017.
Sport climbing: Sport climbing is climbing on routes equipped with fixed bolts for clipping a rope. Clipped bolts protect sport climbers from falls; free soloists carry no such protection.
Risk perception: Risk perception is how people judge the likelihood and severity of possible harms. Climbers and spectators can assess the same ascent’s danger very differently.
Route reading: Route reading is the process of identifying a sequence of holds and movements before or during a climb. A planned sequence can reduce uncertainty when retreat or a fall would be dangerous.
Alex Honnold: Alex Honnold is an American rock climber known for free solo ascents and big-wall climbing. His 2017 ascent of Freerider brought free solo climbing broad public attention.

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