French Bulldog
The French Bulldog is a compact companion dog breed with a muscular build, short muzzle, upright bat-like ears, and smooth coat.
Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome: A group of breathing problems caused by shortened skull anatomy in flat-faced dogs. The short muzzle can narrow airways and make breathing difficult, especially during exertion or heat.
Toy Bulldog: A small nineteenth-century type of Bulldog bred in Britain, especially among working-class communities. These compact dogs traveled with lace workers who migrated to France.
Companion dog: A dog primarily kept for companionship rather than for specialized work. French Bulldogs are bred and kept chiefly as household companions.
Boston Terrier: An American companion breed with a short muzzle, compact body, upright ears, and distinctive coat markings. It resembles the French Bulldog but has different proportions, markings, and breed history.
Canine hip dysplasia: An abnormal development of the hip joint that can cause pain and arthritis in dogs. Hip dysplasia is among the orthopedic conditions reported in the breed.
Nottingham lace industry: A British textile industry centered on the production of lace, especially in Nottingham. Lace workers' migration helped carry small Bulldogs from England to France.
Canine brachycephaly: A shortened skull shape found in several dog breeds, often associated with narrowed airways. This broader anatomical trait guides precautions around exercise, heat, and breathing.
Pug: A small companion dog breed with a wrinkled face, curled tail, and short muzzle. Both breeds are brachycephalic, but their head shape, ears, and body differ.
Hemivertebra: A congenital spinal malformation in which a vertebra develops in a wedge or other incomplete shape. Screw-shaped tails and inherited spinal anatomy can be associated with vertebral malformations.
Paris: The capital and largest city of France, with a long history as a center of culture and commerce. The breed became fashionable in Paris and acquired its French identity there.