Fridtjof Nansen

Fridtjof Nansen (1861–1930) was a Norwegian polar explorer, scientist, diplomat, and humanitarian. His Arctic expeditions advanced polar research, and his postwar relief work established international systems for assisting refugees.

Fram expedition: A Norwegian Arctic expedition led by Nansen from 1893 to 1896 aboard the ship Fram. Nansen tested his theory of Arctic drift by letting Fram freeze into the polar ice.
Polar drift: The movement of sea ice across polar waters under the influence of winds and ocean currents. Nansen used observed drift to plan Fram's passage across the Arctic.
Eva Nansen: A Norwegian singer and soprano who was Fridtjof Nansen's wife. She was his partner during his scientific, exploratory, and public career.
Nansen International Office for Refugees: A League of Nations organization that continued Nansen's refugee work after his death. The office carried forward the international relief system he helped build.
Fram: A specially built Norwegian vessel designed to withstand pressure from Arctic and Antarctic ice. Its rounded hull helped Nansen survive the planned drift across the Arctic Ocean.
Nansen's Fram drift hypothesis: Nansen's proposal that a vessel frozen into Arctic pack ice could drift across the polar basin. The hypothesis shaped Fram's design and the expedition's route.
Otto Sverdrup: A Norwegian polar explorer who captained Fram during Nansen's Arctic expedition. Sverdrup commanded the ship while Nansen and Johansen traveled north.
Nobel Peace Prize: An annual award recognizing contributions to peace, established under Alfred Nobel's will. Nansen received the 1922 prize for his humanitarian work for refugees.
Nansen's Fram expedition north of the New Siberian Islands: The 1893–1896 voyage in which Fram drifted across the Arctic Ocean after becoming trapped in sea ice. The expedition put Nansen's polar-drift hypothesis to a practical test.
Hjalmar Johansen: A Norwegian explorer and athlete who accompanied Nansen on his 1895 North Pole attempt. Johansen shared the long dogsled journey after Nansen left Fram.

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