Friedrich Engels

Friedrich Engels (1820–1895) was a German philosopher, political theorist, and socialist revolutionary who co-authored The Communist Manifesto and helped develop Marxism.

Karl Marx: Karl Marx was a German philosopher, economist, and revolutionary socialist who co-founded Marxism with Friedrich Engels. Their lifelong collaboration produced The Communist Manifesto and shaped Marxist theory.
Historical materialism: Historical materialism explains social change through material conditions, production, and conflicts between social classes. Engels helped formulate this account of how economic structures shape historical change.
The Condition of the Working Class in England: The Condition of the Working Class in England is Engels’s 1845 study of industrial workers’ living and working conditions. His investigation of Manchester supplied a concrete account of industrial capitalism’s effects.
Marxism: Marxism is a political and social theory derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, centered on class and historical change. Engels’s writings and editorial work helped establish the tradition associated with both thinkers.
Mary Burns: Mary Burns was an Irish working-class woman who lived with Engels in Manchester and introduced him to its industrial working-class districts. Her knowledge of workers’ lives informed Engels’s observations of Manchester.
Class struggle: Class struggle is conflict between social groups with opposed interests in production, wealth, and political power. Engels treated conflict between classes as a driving force of historical change.
The Communist Manifesto: The Communist Manifesto is an 1848 political pamphlet by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels advocating communist revolution. This jointly written text became their best-known statement of revolutionary politics.
Second International: The Second International was an association of socialist and labor parties founded in 1889. Engels influenced its early socialist debates and addressed its founding congress.
Jenny von Westphalen: Jenny von Westphalen was a German political activist and writer married to Karl Marx. Her correspondence and political work connect Engels to the Marx family’s shared activist life.
Dialectical materialism: Dialectical materialism is a philosophical framework that applies dialectical change to material reality and social history. Engels’s later writings helped shape this framework, though the label became prominent after his death.

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