Friedrich Paulus

Friedrich Paulus (1890–1957) was a German army officer who commanded the Sixth Army at the Battle of Stalingrad, where Soviet forces encircled his troops and he surrendered in 1943.

Adolf Hitler: Adolf Hitler was the dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 until his suicide in 1945. Hitler forbade Paulus from retreating after Soviet forces encircled the Sixth Army.
Battle of Stalingrad: The Battle of Stalingrad was a major 1942–1943 battle between Germany and the Soviet Union on the Eastern Front. Paulus commanded German forces in this battle and surrendered after the encirclement.
German Sixth Army: The German Sixth Army was a Wehrmacht field army that fought on the Eastern Front during World War II. It was Paulus’s command at Stalingrad and the force trapped by the Soviet encirclement.
German prisoners of war in the Soviet Union: German prisoners of war in the Soviet Union were captured German military personnel held by Soviet authorities during and after World War II. Paulus spent the remainder of the war in Soviet custody after surrendering.
Walther von Seydlitz-Kurzbach: Walther von Seydlitz-Kurzbach was a German general captured at Stalingrad who later urged German soldiers to resist Hitler. Unlike Paulus, Seydlitz became an outspoken opponent of the Nazi regime while in Soviet captivity.
Erich von Manstein: Erich von Manstein was a German field marshal and one of Nazi Germany’s senior military commanders. Manstein led the relief effort intended to reach Paulus’s encircled army.
Operation Uranus: Operation Uranus was the Soviet November 1942 offensive that encircled German forces at Stalingrad. Its breakthroughs trapped Paulus’s Sixth Army inside the Stalingrad pocket.
Wehrmacht: The Wehrmacht was Nazi Germany’s unified armed forces from 1935 to 1945. Paulus’s authority derived from his position within this military organization.
National Committee for a Free Germany: The National Committee for a Free Germany was an anti-Nazi organization founded by German exiles and prisoners of war in the Soviet Union in 1943. Paulus joined the committee and publicly urged German soldiers to oppose Hitler.
Erwin Rommel: Erwin Rommel was a German field marshal who commanded forces in North Africa and was implicated in the 20 July plot against Hitler. Rommel’s association with resistance contrasts with Paulus’s public break with Hitler after capture.

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Walter von ReichenauRelated: Paulus took command of the Sixth Army from Reichenau in December 1941.