Fu (poetry)

Fu is a Chinese literary form combining rhythmic prose and verse, often marked by elaborate description. It developed from the Han dynasty court tradition into varied forms of poetic composition.

Wenyan: Wenyan is the classical written form of Chinese used in literary and official writing for centuries. Its compact classical language supplies much of fu’s diction and syntactic texture.
Enumeration (rhetoric): Enumeration is a rhetorical device that lists parts, qualities, or examples to develop an argument or description. Extended catalogues let fu amplify the scale and richness of its subjects.
Qu Yuan: Qu Yuan was a Warring States-period poet traditionally associated with the origins of the Chu ci tradition. Later accounts linked fu’s ancestry to the elaborate lyric writing associated with Qu Yuan.
Shanglin Fu: Shanglin Fu is a Western Han rhapsody by Sima Xiangru describing an imperial hunting park and its abundance. It is the best-known demonstration of fu’s encyclopedic catalogue and courtly scale.
Shi poetry: Shi poetry is a major Chinese poetic tradition built around line-based verse, with forms including regulated verse and ancient-style poetry. Fu’s expansive exposition contrasts with shi’s more concentrated line-based lyric structures.
Chinese rhyme schemes: Chinese rhyme schemes organize lines through recurring end sounds, often according to historical pronunciation. Rhyme and sound patterning give fu passages structure despite their prose-like movement.
Prosimetrum: Prosimetrum is a literary form that combines prose and verse within a single work. Fu belongs to this broader family, though its prose and verse can blend rather than alternate cleanly.
Chu ci: Chu ci is an ancient Chinese poetic tradition associated with the state of Chu and works such as the Elegies of Chu. Its regional diction and expansive songs helped shape early theories of fu.
Liangdu Fu: Liangdu Fu is Ban Gu’s Eastern Han work comparing the capitals of the Western and Eastern Han. Its paired city portraits make fu’s descriptive power serve political and historical comparison.
Ci poetry: Ci is a Chinese lyric form written to tune patterns, flourishing especially during the Song dynasty. Ci follows musical templates, unlike fu’s freer movement between prose and verse.

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