Fungi

Fungi are eukaryotes that obtain nutrients by absorption, often growing as branching networks of microscopic filaments called hyphae. They include yeasts, molds, and mushrooms.

Hypha: A tubular fungal filament that grows at its tip and can branch to form a network. Hyphae make up the feeding and growing networks characteristic of many fungi.
Eukaryote: An organism whose cells contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound compartments. Fungi belong to this broad group of cellular life.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae: A yeast species used in baking, brewing, winemaking, and biological research. Its fermentation powers familiar food processes and makes it a major laboratory organism.
Fungal evolution: The evolutionary history of fungi, from their origins to the diversity of living lineages. It traces how fungi acquired their varied forms and lifestyles.
Plant: A photosynthetic eukaryote that typically has cellulose-rich cell walls and makes organic compounds using light. Plants make much of their food by photosynthesis, unlike fungi, which absorb nutrients.
Mycelium: A network of fungal hyphae that spreads through a growth substrate or forms part of a fruiting body. It is the vegetative network through which many fungi explore and absorb nutrients.
Chitin: A tough structural polysaccharide found in fungal cell walls and arthropod exoskeletons. It is a defining material in the walls of many fungal cells.
Penicillin: An antibiotic first isolated from the mold Penicillium rubens, which kills or inhibits susceptible bacteria. A fungal product transformed the treatment of bacterial infections.
Opisthokont: A member of a eukaryotic group that includes animals, fungi, and related unicellular organisms. Shared ancestry places fungi closer to animals than to plants.
Animal: A multicellular eukaryote that obtains nutrients by ingestion and lacks cell walls. Animals and fungi are close relatives but differ in nutrition and cell structure.

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