Gabo Reform

The Gabo Reform was a series of Korean state reforms begun in 1894 amid the Tonghak uprising and Japanese intervention. It restructured government, law, taxation, education, and social status.

Gabo Cabinet: The reform-era Korean government formed in 1894 under Japanese influence. It administered the first reform measures and reorganized central government.
Donghak Peasant Revolution: A Korean peasant uprising that began in 1894, driven by grievances against officials and foreign influence. The uprising prompted state concessions and created the crisis in which reforms began.
Gojong of Korea: The Korean monarch who ruled from 1863 to 1907, during the Gabo Reform and the transition to empire. His authority and resistance shaped how reforms were enacted at court.
Eulmi Reform: A set of Korean reforms enacted in 1895, including adoption of the solar calendar and a new hairstyle policy. It continued the reform drive after the first Gabo measures, amid sharper controversy.
Tonghak Peasant Revolution: A 1894 Korean uprising whose participants demanded local justice and opposed foreign encroachment. Its grassroots demands differed from state reforms shaped by court officials and Japanese pressure.
Gapo Gaehyeok: The Korean name for the reform movement launched in 1894. This name identifies the reform program in Korean historical accounts.
Donghak: A Korean religious and social movement founded by Choe Je-u in the nineteenth century. Its teachings and networks shaped the movement behind the 1894 uprising.
Heungseon Daewongun: A Korean regent who dominated politics during the early reign of King Gojong and returned to power in 1894. His temporary return to government influenced the reform cabinet’s political setting.
Eulmi Incident: The 1895 assassination of Queen Min by Japanese agents and their Korean collaborators. The killing deepened opposition to Japanese influence and the reform regime.
Gwangmu Reform: The modernization program pursued by the Korean Empire from 1897 under Emperor Gojong. It pursued state strengthening under imperial rule rather than the Gabo government’s circumstances.

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